Karl Popper, Science, & Pseudoscience: Crash Course Philosophy #8

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The early 1900s was an amazing time for Western science, as Albert Einstein was developing his theories of relativity and psychology was born, as Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis took over the scientific mainstream. Karl Popper observed these developments firsthand and came to draw a distinction between what he referred to as science and pseudoscience, which might best be summarized as science disconfirms, while pseudoscience confirms. While the way we describe these disciplines has changed in the intervening years, Popper’s ideas speak to the heart of how we arrive at knowledge.

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50 Comments

  1. Mmm Im gonna need more examples on how to disprove stuff other than the Santa example. So we should go around searching for contrary evidence is that it?

  2. I finally have an answer to the question my stat professor could never answer for me as to why we do not accept the null hypothesis, but "fail to reject" it instead. Thank you!

  3. allow me to preface this with the fact that I'm a scientist and an atheist. I can scientifically confirm that punching the average in the nose hard enough to break it hurts them via observation, data or a combination of the two. That's not pseudoscience, it's pure science. The fact is that science must either confirm or disconfirm depending on the situation. Just like nature vs. nurture, it's a bit of both.

  4. Freud was a theorist/practitioner. In those days, counselors were neurologists and doctors. He wasn't a scientist and never purported to be. Now we accept most of the things he was right about as common sense anyway but people only seem to look at his failures.

  5. Scientific theory is about disproving? That's been lost for awhile. People don't want to read a report stating why this isn't true. If an experiment doesn't give you what you want, change it till it does.

  6. Popper was a great thinker, truly. It would behoove any rational debunker-type to closely study his ideas. The philosophically unsophisticated can be made to look like fools, even if they are defending sound points.

  7. I'd like to think that my beliefs, mostly scientific, are contingent. However, that's just led to a bunch of 'back and forth' and crazy conflicts in my head. I get caught up thinking about the many answers and just end up confused about all of life lol.

  8. There is one thing I'm curious about though: if being certain of something causes you to close your mind, is it likely that religious people who have a set of "certain" beliefs tend to be less open minded? I identify myself as a religious person and I would say that I'm open to other beliefs that might even contradict my own. But I would also argue that people need to be certain of something. If you question everything nonstop it will become mentally strenous. I think that falsification is a legitimate ideal for modern science, however it's not always realistic. We are humans after all and very biased (no matter how hard we try to avoid that or overcome it).

  9. Science also confirms things if anything exists based on empirical evidences like earth is made up of matter, what do you think? And do pseudo science helps to disapprove anything too? Then would it be called pseudo science? Please guide me.

  10. 2:56 Wrong. René Descartes published in the second part of his Discourse of the Method a way to determine the validity of each and every one of his beliefs; we know call this method as the Cartesian Method. In a nutshell, system was composed of these 4 steps:
    1)Never believe anything that is unproven
    2)Divide whatever problem he faces into as many parts as possible and/or needed
    3)Organize the information attained from these problems from simpler to more complex.
    4)Check your progress to make sure you didn’t skip anything.

  11. The example with the swans is NOT a use of the deductive method/argument. It is the INDUCTIVE. Collecting specific data and turning it into a general theory = the inductive method/argument.

  12. But it was imagination and curiosity that gave birth to human intellect,science, reason and scientific theory. Other animals don't have imagination. Its why we think we're special and delusional.

  13. Hi Crash Course, I just wikipedia the name psuedo and this is what it had to say:
    pseudo

    /ˈsjuːdəʊ/

    Learn to pronounce

    INFORMAL

    adjective

    1.

    not genuine; spurious or sham.

    "we are talking about real journalists and not the pseudo kind"

    noun

    1.

    a pretentious or insincere person.

    So how can psuedo science confirm something that is not real as per example used or per notion that psuedo is not genuine. how is thus possible to confirm that which is bogus, I presume you conflating ideas on your video layout 4:36

  14. Before the popper, the Viennese circle talked about the same thing. And unless, without a popper, scientists did not worth the theory and did not set up experiments? Where is the evidence that his constancy fact really influenced something?

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