Nuclear Waste: What Do We Do With It?

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How much nuclear waste is there, how dangerous is it, what can we do with it? Today we look into nuclear waste disposal and nuclear waste recycling.

The website that lets you calculate the radiation dose from uranium is here:
https://www.wise-uranium.org/rdcu.html

Numbers about the amount of nuclear waste are from here:
https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/04/04/2415889/0/en/Global-Nuclear-Waste-Management-market-is-projected-to-grow-at-a-CAGR-of-1-6-By-2032-Visiongain-Research-Inc.html

The recent study about nuclear waste from small modular reactors is here:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2111833119

More info about the final nuclear waste deposit site from Posiva Oy in Finland is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9mQiRvPC2c

The 1984 study about how to build a final deposit site is here:
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6799619

The 1993 Report from Sandia Lab is here:
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10117359

More about the recycling in La Hague here:

The report with the comparison of different nuclear fuel cycles is this:
https://www.oecd-nea.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-12/5990-advanced-nfc-rwm.pdf

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00:00 Intro
01:26 How Much Waste and What Type?
07:26 What Happens to Nuclear Waste?
10:38 Nuclear Waste Storage
16:05 Nuclear Waste Recycling
20:29 Summary

Many thanks to Jordi Busqué for helping with this video http://jordibusque.com/

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About the Author: Sabine Hossenfelder

37 Comments

  1. I remember a Scientific American paper from the 80's (I think) that proposed disposing high level waste by burying it some hundreds of meters deep in the depositional muck in the deep ocean basins. These basin middles are geologically stable on the scale of millions of years, and the sedimentary ooze is self-healing in the very unlikely event of faulting. Eventually, much of the ocean basin floor ends up turning into rock units and the long long dead waste material is incorporated. I remember the authors stating that as rational as this method is, it seems to generate irrational opposition.

  2. I JUST WANTED TO SAY THAT VIRUSES DO NOT EXIST RECENTLY WELL FAIRLY ANYWAY DOCTOR'S FOUND OUT THAT THEY WERE LIED TO ABOUT THE VIRUS VIROLOGIST WERE NOT USING THE SCIENCE TO DETECT ' THE VIRUS ' VIRUS MANIA BOOK BY DR'S AROUND THE WORLD ADENOVIRUS HAS TO BE TOUCHED TO GET IT AND IS ACTUALLY A FOUND BACTERIA CAUSING IT RABIES VIRUS IS ACTUALLY FROM A TOXIC SOURCE FOUND IN THE SOIL EX IN AN ARTICLE ALSO NOT JUST FROM THE BOOK A YOUNG MAN HAD HIS DOG GIVEN SHOTS 3 TIMES IN A MONTH FOR RABIES AS THE DOG KEPT GETTING THE QUOTE VIRUS IT IS FROM A TOXIC SOURCE AGAIN FROM THE GROUND NOT A VIRUS TUBERCULOSIS HAS TO BE TOUCHED TO GET IT AND IT IS EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS

  3. Very unsatisfying. When you supported nuclear power and claimed the opponents mostly (only?) use the fear-button… you left one VERY important issue for our economical world: Costs.
    And here we are. Talking about one huge cost factor… without… mentioning the costs.
    Planning nuclear plants: Expensive.
    Building nuclear plants: Expensive.
    Maintaining nuclear plants: Expensive.
    Perfect stability of nuclear plants: Not granted by dry periods when rivers dry out to much.
    WASTE DEPOSIT: Expensive (and partly costs unable to foresee cause… thousands of years!)
    Disassambling nuclear power plants (and the waste that was created there what you forget to mention): Expensive.

    I accept nuclear power as one possibility for our power mix. BUT ITS EXPENSIVE! If we want to have expensice technology which is delivered by companies who still wanna make as much profit as possible… there is a huge potential of failures because profit focused companies would try to lower cost of an expensive technology in any possible way.

    If you leave nuclear power to profit driven companies… do you really trust them to be responsible enough with this technology? I must admit: I dont. And there are many reasons for this. Billions of reasons… as this is the profit the companies want to generate.

    I understand that you want to take away the fear-bullshit from this technology. But you have to acknowlegde that it is expensive and can be dangerous when companies dont deliver it responsible enough. And there is no reason to believe them. None.
    Industry already is able to make products dangerous where you never ever would have thought it is even possible. Fashion has become dangerous. So called "social" networks are dangerous.
    If you dont demand very good standards for security and long term planning for all stuff that is known dangerous… you should never ever trust a private company to be responsible enough.

    Very often you show clearly that you understand the issues of our economy. Nobody has a good solution for this. But the solution definitely cannot be "let them do it" – especially not with nuclear power plants.

  4. One problem we could have with nuclear power stations, as highlighted in the Russia Ukraine war, is that these nuclear power stations could be the target of enemy attack. We all remember the devastation Chernobyl caused all over Europe. The radioactivity released could bring a swift end to the hostilities, if a nuclear power station was bombed. Sweet dreams, folks….

  5. I remain convinced that we could seal all the nuclear waste into blocks of lead inside plastic coating and drop them into the ocean someplace with very little volcanic activity.

  6. Very informative,was the train test done in Britain in the video?
    If so it was big news here,that the train engine/transformer wasn’t bolted down,so the train engine had less inertia?

  7. In Sweden, we have had this debate for a long long time.

    In 2014, when the Green Party formed a government with the Social Democrats they deemed nuclear power not affordable from a market perspective. So they started dismantling nuclear power plants.

    The Greens wanted to subsidize wind turbines instead. Which have their down-sides in that they only generate electricity when the wind is blowing. And they are mostly being constructed and owned by foreign market actors.

    Back when the director of the government-owned energy company Vattenfall wanted to build more nuclear power, he got disciplined by the Greens. “Either do as we (the government) say or resign”

    With the remaining nuclear plants occasionally failing we expect higher prices and perhaps energy being turned off this winter.

    Now we have less of secure energy sources and an energy crisis.

  8. Remember to only drink radioactive alcohol. There is some radioactive carbon in all plants including ingredients fermented to make alcohol. If it isn't radioactive then the alcohol was made from Petroleum which has sat around so long it has lost nearly all radioactivity. Petroleum alcohol will probably have some non ethanol molecules in it making it very nasty. I bought some liqour in India and it tasted like it had some gasoline in it. Radioative elements seem like they will be useful for various things so should be kept in a secure warehouse maybe on an isolated military base. Spending tons of money to dig tunnels seems like a big Nuclear Waste.
    Maybe there are some Space Aliens like in the Space 1999 Episode, The bringer of Wonders, who eat the nuclear waste.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0HAsU0B0Ww

  9. The thing I've never understood, is that people are terrified of the ONLY waste that is actually properly managed. Nuclear waste leak: international crisis. Coal exhaust: dump it straight into our air supply.

  10. Is the power station's nuclear waste, in its concentrated form, more toxic than the original uranium ore (along with its processing waste) was before it was mined and processed? The large uranium mine in Canada is currently a nightmare of health considerations so my question is, again, are we simply concentrating and exposing earth's surface with this radioactive product, and is our processing methods simply putting the same quantity of toxic materials in smaller packages and now contaminate the surface?

  11. 0:04 Just starting to watch this clip and I hear, "We now all agree that [nuclear power] is the … safest … way to get off fossil fuels." LOL, no "we" don't, of course, but hopefully this statement will prove to have a facetious edge to it.

  12. 14:30 – "Atomic Priesthood" is basically the same as what Asimov suggested in The Foundation: a small group of people who know what's going on, telling stories in order to allow certain people to do their jobs, without giving them access to the high-level information outside of their specialty.

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